A pharmacy is a vital component of the healthcare system, serving as a hub where medicines are dispensed, healthcare advice is provided, and patient care is prioritized. In India, pharmacies play a crucial role in ensuring access to medications and supporting public health. This article explores what is a pharmacy and the various types of pharmacy in India, catering to diverse healthcare needs.
What is a Pharmacy?
A pharmacy, often referred to as a chemist shop in India, is a facility where licensed pharmacists dispense prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications to patients. They act as a bridge between doctors, patients, and the pharmaceutical industry, ensuring medicines are accessible and used responsibly.
Pharmacy definition according to WHO
According to the World Health Organization (WHO):
“Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences, and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs.”
WHO emphasizes that pharmacy professionals are responsible for:
- Preparing, storing, and dispensing medicines
- Providing advice on their safe and effective use
- Promoting rational use of drugs for the benefit of patients and society
In India, pharmacies are regulated by the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, and must be operated by qualified pharmacists registered with the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI).
What are different types of Pharmacy
There are different types of pharmacy based on their location, services, and operational models. Below are the main types of pharmacy found across the country:
1. Community Pharmacy
Community pharmacy, also known as retail or independent pharmacy, are the most common type in India. These are standalone chemist shops found in neighborhoods, towns, and cities, catering to the general public. They dispense prescription and OTC medicines, provide basic health advice, and sell health-related products like supplements, medical devices, and personal care items.
Examples are local chemist shops in urban and rural areas, such as small family-run stores or larger retail chains like Apollo Pharmacy and MedPlus.
These pharmacies are easily accessible and serve as the first point of contact for many patients seeking medications or health advice.
2. Hospital Pharmacies
Hospital pharmacy operate within hospitals or medical institutions and cater to inpatients, outpatients, and hospital staff. These pharmacies manage the hospital’s medication inventory, dispense drugs prescribed by hospital doctors, and ensure the availability of specialized medications. They may also prepare customized medications, such as IV drips or compounded drugs.
These pharmacies focus on patient safety, ensuring accurate dispensing and monitoring of medications within a hospital setting.
3. Online Pharmacy
Online pharmacies have gained popularity in India, especially in urban areas, due to the rise of digital platforms and e-commerce. These pharmacies operate through websites or mobile apps, allowing customers to order medicines online and have them delivered to their doorstep. They often provide discounts and digital prescriptions.
Examples: Netmeds, PharmEasy, 1mg, and Amazon Pharmacy.
Online pharmacies offer convenience, especially for chronic patients requiring regular medication refills, and provide access to medicines in remote areas. However, they must comply with strict regulations to prevent misuse of prescription drugs.
4. Compounding Pharmacy
Compounding pharmacies prepare customized medications for patients based on specific prescriptions, which are not available in standard commercial forms. These pharmacies create tailored formulations, such as specific dosages, flavors, or allergen-free medications, for individual patient needs.
These pharmacies are essential for patients with unique medical requirements, such as pediatric or geriatric patients.
5. Industrial Pharmacy
The industrial pharmacy involves the manufacturing, research, quality control, and marketing of pharmaceutical products. Industrial pharmacists work in this field as production officer, R&D scientist, Regulatory affairs specialist, etc.
6. Ambulatory Care Pharmacy
The ambulatory pharmacy provides healthcare services to many patients in rural areas, and populations living in isolated areas. An ambulatory pharmacy is a mobile service that can meet patients where they are, and therefore help to reduce the number of hospital visits that their patients require.
7. Regulatory Pharmacy
Regulatory pharmacists work with government bodies such as the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) to ensure medicines meet safety and quality standards. They are involved in drug approval, policy development, and regulation.
Conclusion
Pharmacy is not limited to selling medicines; it is a multidisciplinary field. Various types of pharmacy provide vast opportunities in healthcare, research, education, and industry. In India, with the expanding healthcare sector and increasing awareness about the role of pharmacists, pharmacy as a profession is evolving rapidly. Whether in a hospital, a pharmaceutical company, or a community setting, pharmacists play an essential role in ensuring public health and safety
